This high elevation member of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae) is Rockslide Yellow Fleabane (Erigeron leiomerus), also called Rockslide daisy.
The leaves are simple with a single vein.
This tiny milkvetch found above 10,000 feet is balloonpod milkvetch (Astragalus whitneyi). As you might guess by the common name, the seed pods are big and inflated. 
The small flower is 5-petaled, mainly white with a hint of pink or purple with darker lines on the banner.
This beautiful little plant that grows at high elevations throughout western North America is dwarf alpine Indian paintbrush (Castilleja nana). It is pinkish/purplish and usually doesn't grow more than a few inches high. 
The tops of the cliffs is one location where dwarf alpine Indian paintbrush is found. For more info, click here.
In honor of Fourth of July, here's a bright, patriot-colored flower that looks like trumpets exploding into fireworks. This is scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata), in the Phlox Family (Polemoniaceae).
The stalk grows 2 to 3 feet high and is decorated with a multitude of flowers. Leaves are small and highly dissected. Crushed flowers reportedly have a strong odor.
I found this colorful member of the Primrose Family (Primulaceae) only on the cliff edge above 10,000 feet on a recent trip to the alpine. It took awhile to find a specimen I could safely photograph. This is Nevada Primrose (Primula cusickiana var. nevadensis).
It's easy to see at first glance that this is a member of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae) and that it is most likely an Erigeron. A look at the leaves, with their highly divided nature, and the location, above 10,000 feet, makes it easy to narrow this down to alpine daisy (Erigeron compositus). This species often finds little outcroppings in the rock as home.
This pretty flower that likes to grow by the water is actually very poisonous if eaten. It's spotted water hemlock (Cicuta maculata), a member of the Carrot/Parsley Family (Apiaceae). It can grow 3 to 6 feet tall and the leaves are pinnate or doubly pinnate.
The white flowers are found in umbels about six inches across.
